ISSUE 4(4), April 2012 |
Pages 3-11
Title
THE DECOMPOSITION OF POVERTY: A DISTRIBUTIVE APPROACH TO LIVING STANDARDS
Author(s)
Mbu Daniel Tambi
Organization(s)
University of Dschang, West Region - Cameroon, Central Africa
Key Words
Decomposition; Poverty; Distribution; Standards of living; Approach.
Abstract
This study attempts to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of poverty trends using national household consumption survey I and II collected in 1996 and 2001 respectively. The theoretical decomposition frameworks propelling the study are motivated mainly by the Shapley value while empirical estimates are obtained from DAD 4.4. From our findings, we observe that Rural forest and Rural highlands regions were hardest hit by poverty and inequality trends in Cameroon. The result shows that the within-regions effects were found to be more instrumental in accounting for changes in all the classes of poverty measures than the inter-sector population shift effects in the period under review. While the between-region effects were systematically contributing in alleviating poverty in the Rural forest and Rural highlands and at the same time aggravating poverty in Yaounde, Douala. Based on our result, we suggest that policies and strategies for reducing poverty/inequality should place particular emphasis on the countryside and on a region-by-region approach such as decentralization, increase provision of rural extension services (roads, electricity, markets, portable water).
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Pages 12-19
Title
IDENTIFYING OPINION LEADERS USING SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS, A STUDY IN AN EGYPTIAN VILLAGE
Author(s)
Mohamed Mohamed Mohamed Abdel-Ghany
Organization(s)
Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
Key Words
Opinion Leaders; Key Players; Network Analysis; Centrality; Network Efficiency; Egypt.
Abstract
This research used four approaches to identify opinion leaders in two networks in an Egyptian Village. One approach was used for identifying single opinion leaders (network centrality measures), and three approaches were used to identify sets of key players (group centrality, network efficiency, KPP-Pos and KPP-Neg). Social network analysis software (UCINET 6) was used for individual and group centrality measures. The study used the key player software to identify sets of key players under KPP-Pos and KPP-Neg. The study identified different opinion leaders using the four different techniques. This research gives an opportunity for further work on a comprehensive approach to identify key players in social networks to overcome the problem of identifying different leaders by different techniques without an absolute answer for the question concerning which technique will capture the best leaders.
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Pages 20-26
Title
ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC BASES OF ENERGY CONSERVATION IN AGRICULTURE
Author(s)
N. Lisjutchenko*, A. Polukhin**
Organization(s)
* Open Joint-Stock Company "Oryol social bank", Orel City, Russia
** All-Russia Scientific Research Institute of Rural Economics, Moscow, Russia
Key Words
Agriculture; Energy saving; Economic evaluation; Implementation capacity; Resource potential.
Abstract
Russian agricultural production at current stage is very energy intensive. At the cost of agricultural production overall cost of energy resources is growing: in 2000 was 36.5 billion rubles, 2008 - 92 billion rubles, 2009 - 110.6 billion rubles, and in 2010 rose to 119.8 billion rubles, or increased by 3.3 times. The analysis of consumption of the main energy sources for the period from 1990 to 2010 showed a decrease in general and the specific consumption of diesel fuel, gasoline and electricity by 5-7 times. Reducing energy consumption is explained as a forced saving resources because of lack of funds for the acquisition and implementation of agricultural enterprises of energy and resource saving measures (resource-saving technologies in the production process, motor fuel, biofuels and alternative energy sources). To solve this problem State and business in a matter of priority should be to build an effective system of innovation development for agriculture, promote the participation of agricultural science and education system in this process, modernize the domestic agricultural machinery, engineering and technology infrastructure.
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Pages 27-31
Title
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONING OF THE OREL REGION GRAIN MARKET
Author(s)
A. Altukhov
Organization(s)
Orel State Agrarian University, Orel City, Russia
Key Words
Grain; Markets; Marketing; Orel Region; Production.
Abstract
In article analyzed the production and sale of grain in the Orel region, assess the market conditions of the grain market, justified factors constraining the development of the grain market in the region. Also impact on the firms and the holding companies in the Orel region is noted in supply of grain. The share of acreage data units in the total area sown grain is more than 20%. At the same time refining the grain is almost completely monopolized, which creates inherent difficulties in bringing agricultural products to the destination object.
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Pages 32-37
Title
ROLE OF TILLAGE AND APPLICATION OF HERBICIDE "TRIZLAK" FOR GROWING OF WINTER WHEAT ON GRAIN QUALITY
Author(s)
V. Lobkov, S. Plygun, N. Abakumov, Y. Bobkova
Organization(s)
Orel State Agrarian University, Orel City, Russia
Key Words
Soil treatment; Wheats; Herbicides; Purification; Grain; Tillage equipment; Methods; Quality Products; Costs.
Abstract
The influence of main soil treatment methods and herbicide Trizlak on the phytosanitary planting condition, productivity and grain quality was examined on the base of winter wheat Moscow 39. During study it was determined that the winter wheat under-reacted on the main soil treatment methods and the influence of the herbicide Trizlak was statistically proved on the plowing. While cultivating the winter wheat in the Orel region it's possible to avoid plowing till zero tillage, that will reduce grain costs of production to a great extent.
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Pages 38-45
Title
SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL BASIS OF PREPARATION "EKOFILTRUM" IN BROILER PRODUCTION
Author(s)
I. Chervonova, V. Buyarov
Organization(s)
Orel State Agrarian University, Orel City, Russia
Key Words
Meat; Livestock; Quality.
Abstract
The article describes effectiveness of "Ekofiltrum" when included in the diet of broiler cross "Ross-308". The authors studied effect of additives on the zootechnical performance of poultry, morphological and biochemical parameters of blood, as well as meat quality of broiler chickens.
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